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[null,"Prepared By:","Contributors:"]
[null,"ABNR Counsellors At Law"]
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["Social Enterprise Law Surveys"]
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["Report Generated: 11/19/2025"]
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["View your report results on next tab"]

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["Question","Indonesia"]
["I. Enterprise Form"]
["What jurisdiction(s) do you practice in?","Indonesia \n"]
["What are the most commonly used types of for-profit corporate organizational forms in your jurisdiction (e.g., corporation, limited liability company, benefit corporation, social purpose corporation, etc.) used by Enterprises operating a trade or business (rather than for investment or holding company purposes)? Please briefly describe these forms. a. Of these, which are the most common for-profit organizational forms used by Enterprises seeking financing from investors and that will have multiple owners? b. Other than organizational forms specifically designed for Social Enterprises (and discussed below under Question 4), which, if any, are the most common for-profit organizational forms used by Social Enterprises?","The most common type of for-profit corporate organizational form used to operate a trade or business in Indonesia is the limited liability company (\nperseroan terbatas, “\nPT”). Due to its legal entity nature (separation of assets), the responsibility of the shareholders is limited to their share portions, which serves as a distinguishing feature preferred by investors and business actors compared with other forms. In addition, certain lines of business are only open to entities in the form of a PT.\nIn terms of investment, subject to certain requirements, including minimum capitalization, investment value and foreign investment restriction, foreign investors may only operate a trade or business with a physical presence in Indonesia by establishing a foreign-owned PT. Many micro, small, and medium businesses start as individual businesses to develop before deciding to expand and establish a PT, which is likely caused by a higher level of scrutiny, various obligations (both statutory and fiduciary) imposed on a PT, and the minimum capital requirement applicable to certain lines of business operated by a PT.\nOther forms such as civil partnership (non-legal entity, an agreement between two or more individuals to contribute assets/expertise with the intention of sharing the profits or benefits obtained), firm (non-legal entity, a form of partnership to operate a business by using a common name), \ncommanditaire venootschap (non-legal entity, a partnership established by two or more individuals whereby some of the members have limited responsibilities) (“\nCV”) are less popular, albeit remaining available for business actors.\n \na. Enterprises that seek financing from investors and will have multiple owners tend to form PTs, especially because of the considerable scope of choices of investors, i.e., both Indonesian and foreign. There is no maximum number of shareholders/owners of shares in a PT, but the minimum is 2. The shareholders/owners may be Indonesian and/or a foreign individual or entity.\nb. As Social Enterprises have yet to be regulated under Indonesian law, for-profit Social Enterprises currently existing in Indonesia were established in the form of traditional entities such as PT/CV, with PT occupying the top position as the most common form of profit-oriented Social Enterprises.\n"]
["Do any of your jurisdiction’s traditional organizational forms require or permit the board or managers to consider, balance or prioritize interests other than shareholder value in decision making? What other interests, if any, are they required to or allowed to consider (e.g., interests of employees, customers, the environment, etc.)?","For-profit corporate organizational firms such as PTs employ a two-tier board system, i.e., Board of Directors (for management) and Board of Commissioners (for supervision). Both the Directors and Commissioners are expected to serve the best interests of the PT. The Directors and Commissioners owe loyalty to the PT both above their own personal interests and the interests of the shareholders who appointed them, even where the interests of the PT conflict with those other interests. Neither the Board of Directors and the Board of Commissioners nor its individual members are agents of any of the shareholders. The limitation of the Board of Directors and Board of Commissioners' duties and responsibilities are subject to the provisions under the Articles of Association (“\nAoA”).\nIn addition, for certain corporate actions such as merger, consolidation, acquisition, and demerger, the Indonesian Company Law stipulates that a PT must take account of the interests of: (i) the PT, the minority shareholders, employees of the PT; (ii) the creditors and other business partners of the PT; and (iii) the public and fair competition in doing business.\n"]
["Does your jurisdiction have organizational forms specifically designed for Social Enterprises? If so: a. What type(s) of organizational forms are they? b. How do they materially differ from the most closely analogous traditional organizational form? c. What are the main benefits for founders and funders of such organizational forms? d. Are there any restrictions on the use of these organizational forms (such as profit-caps, stakeholder involvement and impact reporting)? If there are, what are they? e. Are there any material differences in timing or costs for forming a Social Enterprise versus a traditional Enterprise? f. How prevalent and well known are Social Enterprise forms?","No. Social Enterprises have yet to be regulated in Indonesia, and thus, those currently existing in Indonesia were established in the form of traditional entities such as PT/CV (for-profit), and Foundation/Association/Cooperative (non-profit).\nNevertheless, the House of Representatives and the Indonesian Government have prepared a Bill on National Entrepreneurship, which incorporates several provisions on Social Entrepreneurship. Under the Bill, Social Entrepreneurship will be performed by Social Entrepreneurs by forming entities such as Foundations, Associations, and Cooperatives. Social Entrepreneurship has certain characteristics, such as having business activities where most of the profits are re-used to implement social vision and mission to solve social issues in the community and/or provide positive changes to the welfare of the society and the environment. There are certain incentives envisaged to be provided for entrepreneurship activities, including: (i) funding; (ii) tax incentives; (iii) training, counseling, and mentoring; and (iv) ease of licensing requirements.\nAs an additional remark, the Foundation, Association, and Cooperative are legal entities, whose assets are separated from the members/founders. A Foundation is aimed at achieving specific objectives in the social, religious, and humanitarian fields, and has no members; an Association constitutes a group of people that is established to realize the similarity of specific objectives and purposes in a social, religious, or humanitarian field y and do not share profits with its members. Under Indonesian law, Foundation and Association are regarded as Community Organizations in the form of legal entities, which are organizations established and formed by the community based on similarity in aspirations, will, needs, interests, activities, and goals to participate in development for the purpose of achieving the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila (the official, foundational philosophical theory of Indonesia). A Community Organization is voluntary, social, independent, non-profit, and democratic. Despite the non-profit attributes of Foundations and Associations, the Bill seems to provide the possibility of these entities earning a profit insofar it is allocated to address social issues.\nPlease see our response in I.6 below for further details on Cooperative.\n"]
["Are Social Enterprises permitted to be formed and operated as Nonprofits? If so: a. Are Nonprofits that are Social Enterprises treated differently under the law as compared to Nonprofits that are not Social Enterprises, whether from a corporate, tax or other perspective? b. Are there any material benefits of, and/or restrictions on, using a Nonprofit form for Social Enterprises that does not apply to Nonprofits that are not Social Enterprises? c. Is there any type of “hybrid” Nonprofit form that requires less reporting and/or allows for faster formation? If so, please describe the drawbacks of utilizing this form (i.e. fewer tax benefits). d. How prevalent is the use of Nonprofits for Social Enterprises?","Yes. As Social Enterprises have yet to be regulated in Indonesia, parties may choose to operate a for-profit or a non-profit traditional entity as a Social Enterprise. The applicable requirements, treatments, benefits, restrictions, and obligations differ in accordance with: (i) the form of traditional entity established as a Social Enterprise; and (ii) the objectives of the Social Enterprise (for-profit/non-profit). There are no special/different treatments for non-profit entities formed as Social Enterprises and those that are not formed as Social Enterprises. The most common form of non-profit for Social Enterprises is Foundation.\nThe use of non-profit traditional entities for Social Enterprises is less prevalent than its counterpart (for-profit entities).\n"]
["Does your jurisdiction allow for worker-owned Enterprises, such as cooperatives? If so, please describe any material benefits of, and/or restrictions on, using such forms.","Yes. A Cooperative is a legal entity, whose assets are separated from the assets of its members. There is no requirement that only workers can become members of a Cooperative; however, there is a mandatory minimum number of members, i.e., 9 individual members. Similar to a PT, it employs a two-tier board system comprising Management and Supervisor.\nA Cooperative prioritizes the interests of the members and adheres to the principles of voluntary and transparency. All members have equal voting rights – one member one vote – which prevents any kind of discrimination between the members. A member of a Cooperative performs dual roles at once, i.e., as an owner as well as a user of services of the Cooperative. In addition, a Cooperative is entitled to incentives such as: (i) human resources training; (ii) innovation support and market expansion; and (iii) funding access.\nAlthough a Cooperative is allowed to receive a grant for capitalization from a foreign source, with notification to the Minister of Cooperative and Small and Medium Enterprises, such grant may not be distributed, directly or indirectly, to the members, Management, and Supervisor. There are only 4 types of Cooperatives based on the line of business and/or economical interest of the members: (i) consumer Cooperative – engages in the services of providing goods for the needs of members and non-members; (ii) producer Cooperative – engages in the services of procurement of production facilities and marketing of products of the members to members and non-members; (iii) services Cooperative – engages in the services unrelated to savings and loans needed by members and non-members; and (iv) savings and loans Cooperative – engages in savings and loans activity as the only services offered to the members. In addition, certain lines of business are closed to a Cooperative (as explained in I.2 above, there are lines of business that are only open to entities in the form of a PT).\n"]
["Are there unique reporting requirements for Social Enterprises? If there are, please describe them. Please also discuss what government bodies Social Enterprises are required to report to.","As Social Enterprises have yet to be regulated under Indonesian law, there are no unique reporting requirements tailored for entities formed as a Social Enterprise and specific government bodies for Social Enterprises. The reporting obligations vary depending on the type of the selected traditional entity established for such purpose.\n"]
["In your jurisdiction, has case law and jurisprudence evolved to address Social Enterprises? If there is meaningful jurisprudence around Social Enterprises, please provide some brief examples.","As Social Enterprises have yet to be regulated under Indonesian law, no case law and jurisprudence has evolved to address the matter.\n"]
["Does your jurisdiction have any ESG requirements for Enterprises generally? If it does, please describe.","Yes.\nPT – Under the Indonesian Company Law, a PT which engages in the line of business of and/or related to natural resources must exercise corporate social and environmental responsibility (“\nCSR”), which constitutes an obligation of the PT budgeted and allowed for as a cost of the PT. In practice, CSR shall be carried out by the Board of Directors based on the PT’s annual work plan after obtaining approval from the Board of Commissioners or the General Meeting of Shareholders in accordance with the PT’s AoA, unless stipulated otherwise under the laws and regulations. The implementation of CSR is included in the PTs annual report and is accounted for to the General Meeting of Shareholders. Failure by a PT to perform CSR is subject to sanctions under the relevant laws and regulations (sector-based, e.g., sanctions under environmental, mining, forestry laws and regulations).\nAs regards governance, the Indonesian Law also requires each PT to comply with good corporate governance (“\nGCG”) principles. In 2006, the National Committee of Governance Policy (KNKG) issued General Guidelines on GCG in Indonesia, which governs, among others: (i) GCG principles (transparency, accountability, responsibility, independency, fairness); (ii) business ethics and code of conduct, including in the event of conflict of interest and confidentiality of information; (iii) implementation of functions of organs of a PT; (iv) rights and obligations of shareholders; and (v) stakeholders’ interests.\nOther entities such as firm, CV, Cooperative – the Constitutional Court of Indonesia held in its Decision No. 53/PUU-VI/2008 dated 13 April 2009 that these entities are also subject to CSR requirements under the Indonesian Investment Law (they are deemed as investment vehicles). Please see our response in I.11 below for further details on CSR for investors.\n"]
["Does your jurisdiction have any ESG requirements specifically for Social Enterprises? If it does, please describe.","As Social Enterprises have yet to be regulated under Indonesian law, there are no specific ESG requirements tailored for entities formed as Social Enterprises. The ESG requirements vary depending on the type of the selected traditional entity established for such purpose.\n"]
["Does your jurisdiction have any ESG requirements for investors? If it does, please describe.","Yes. The Indonesian Investment Law requires each investor to perform CSR, which is further defined as the responsibility attached to each investment company to continue to create relationships that are harmonious, balanced, and in accordance with the environment, values, norms and culture of the local community. There is no further elucidation on the means of implementation of this CSR requirement. As investor is defined broadly, i.e., an individual or a business entity that carries out investment, which can be in the form of domestic investor and foreign investor, it can be concluded that the CSR requirement applies to all investors regardless of the line of business, unlike the CSR requirement under the Indonesian Company Law, which emphasizes lines of business related to natural resources.\nIn addition, the Indonesian Investment Law also requires investors to implement GCG principles. There is no further elucidation on the means of implementation of this requirement.\nFailure by an investor to perform CSR and/or implement GCG principles is subject to the administrative sanction of: (i) warning letter; (ii) temporary restriction of business activities; (iii) temporary suspension of business activities and/or investment facilities; or (iv) revocation of business activities and/or investment facilities.\n"]
["II. Funding"]
["Are any major investor classes (e.g., pension funds, mutual funds, etc.) required to look at ESG issues when making investment decisions in your jurisdiction? a. If they are, please describe the requirements. b. If they are not, are they permitted to consider such factors? c. What other relevant factors do investors tend to consider (aside from profit motive).","No major investor classes are required to weigh in ESG factors. Note, however, financial institutions, issuers, and public companies are bound to mandatory disclosure relating to ESG. Financial institutions, issuers, and public companies are required to prepare an annual sustainability report in support of their annual reports (we mention this in Section II. 6 below). Considering this factor, while there is no requirement for so-called major investor classes (Indonesia do not differentiate between “institutional clients” and “retail clients”, or any similar concept as recognized and adopted in some jurisdictions) to look at ESG issues, they should consider it seeing the mandatory disclosure in place for specific entities mentioned above. In addition, the practice so far in recent years demonstrates that ESG issues indeed are among the factors the investors typically weigh in forming part of their tool of investment measurement.\n"]
["What kinds of philanthropic funding do Social Enterprises in your jurisdiction commonly receive (e.g., grants, charitable investment, traditional investment)?","Depending on their type of forms, Social Enterprises typically receive grants, charitable investments as well as traditional investments. Grants and charitable investments appear to be found in non-profit organizations (i.e., foundations, CVs), whereas traditional, conventional investments are more common in Social Enterprises of corporate forms. \n"]
["How prevalent, if at all, are new for-profit impact investments in your jurisdiction (e.g. traditional instruments with impact terms, new investment instruments, aggregation with philanthropic capital, community based funding, etc.)?","To date, the number of new for-profit impact investments is small today. These are, for example, Indonesia Impacts Fund (IIF) which is formed in 2020 by local venture capital firm, Mandiri Capital, with APEC Business Advisory Council Indonesia that focuses on investing in MSMEs and start-ups with social impacts, in particular, those that match up with UN Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Another noteworthy development is Mekar Impact Fund (MIF), which is reportedly Indonesia’s first impact-investing fund formed in 2018 by a local peer-to-peer (p2p) lending platform, Mekar, and aims to invest over the next five years in various sectors including, healthcare, education, clean energy, and recycling & eco-materials.\n"]
["What are the types of government funding and support available to Social Enterprises, if any, available in your jurisdiction (e.g., grants, investments, bonds, and guarantees)? a. How difficult is it for Social Enterprises to obtain government funding? b. Is any government funding limited to Enterprises incorporated using Social Enterprise forms?","There is no special government funding tailored specifically for ‘Social Enterprises.’ However, there is government funding available for MSMEs; we discuss this in Section I.V.2 below.\n"]
["Are there any companies that are formed as a Social Enterprise listed on your jurisdiction’s leading securities exchange(s)?","We are not aware of any local listed companies formed as Social Enterprises; however,  25 selected  companies are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that conform with the Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI) as measured by SRI-KEHATI Stock Index. SRI-KEHATI is one of the indices in IDX and a green index that pays attention to listed companies that meet ESG criteria. These companies are from various industries, including banking, agribusiness, food manufacturing, automobile, infrastructure, and mining.\n"]
["To what extent are publicly traded Enterprises required to disclose ESG related factors in annual reports/public filings in your jurisdiction.","Yes, starting from 2020, listed companies must disclose ESG under their annual sustainability report to accompany their annual reports.\n"]
["How prevalent, if at all, are impact bonds in your jurisdiction?","With the exception of the green bonds market, impact bonds have yet to bloom in Indonesia.\n"]
["In your jurisdiction, are there any restrictions on foreign investments or donations that are unique to Social Enterprises (whether incorporated as for profit entities or as Nonprofits)?","Not that we are aware of, in particular for foreign investments, generally foreign investors may invest in Indonesia. Nevertheless, companies in some specific sectors may be subject to foreign ownership limitations under the so-called Negative List provisions in the Indonesian Investment Law.  For non-profit, there are no such restrictions in receiving donations abroad. \n"]
["Is “crowdfunding” legal in your jurisdiction? Are there rules under applicable securities laws that make it easier for smaller businesses or Social Enterprises to take money from investors that are not sophisticated/accredited/qualified under applicable statutes?","Yes, securities crowdfunding (previously, equity crowdfunding) is legal in Indonesia and is under the supervision of OJK. Securities crowdfunding platforms enable small and medium businesses to raise funding from investors in the capital market.\n"]
["III. Tax"]
["Are there any tax exemptions that are uniquely available for Social Enterprises? a. Please describe any tax exemptions that are available and whether they are partial or full. b. Are they dependent on the Social Enterprise utilized using a specific organizational form (e.g., for profit vs. Nonprofit form)? c. Please describe any other key requirements of the available tax exemptions (e.g., restrictions on sources or uses of funds, restrictions on commercial activities, etc.).","Pursuant to the Law No. 7 of 1983 on Income Tax, last amended by Law No. 36 of 2008 (“\nTax Law”), any form of business establishment (legal entity established and domiciled in Indonesia) is a tax subject. Therefore, under this definition, a Social Enterprise is still subject to income tax regulation. Therefore, income made by the Company is still subject to income tax regulation as long as it is for profit. Furthermore, any donation or grant obtained by a Social Enterprise will be subject to income tax as well.\nThere are tax reductions and exemptions available for nonprofit organizations and foundations in general, but there are no tax exemptions that are uniquely available for Social Enterprises structured using a for-profit organizational form.\nPlease consult a tax advisor for more detailed tax reductions and exemptions that may apply for a non-profit organization.\n"]
["Are individuals or other organizations able to provide tax deductible donations to for-profit Social Enterprises? If they are, please describe any restrictions applicable to tax deductible donations?","No.\n"]
["Are there any other tax benefits uniquely available for Social Enterprises? (e.g. deferrals, favorable tax rates, business deductions, etc.)","No.\n"]
["Does your jurisdiction provide for reciprocal recognition of tax-exempt status that has been granted under the law of any other jurisdictions?","No.\n"]
["IV. Governmental Infrastructure"]
["Does your jurisdiction have Regulatory Sandboxes or similar policy frameworks for Social Enterprises? If it does, please describe.","At the time of writing, there is none. The country only acknowledges regulatory sandboxes in the financial sector; these are under the Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the Central Bank (Bank Indonesia) regimes.\n"]
["What government operational support, resources, training or services, are available for small businesses or Social Enterprises?","While not specifically for Social Enterprises, there are some recent significant changes in the scene of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) from the government through the country’s reformist Omnibus Law. The government now provides special allocation funds to finance activities/programs as well as loans and grants for MSMEs development and empowerment. There are also training and assistance for MSMEs. The Omnibus Law also introduces an incubation scheme, a program aiming for building capacity and means of entrepreneurial and managerial development of MSMEs through incubators. In legal aspects, legal aid/assistance is available for MSMEs from the government.\n"]
["Are there different compliance requirements for different types of Social Enterprises than for traditional Enterprises? Please provide examples if there are.","With the practice remains largely unregulated thus far, there are yet different compliance requirements for Social Enterprises or traditional enterprises.     \n \n"]
["Is there a dedicated government agency or department that oversees Social Enterprises? If there is, please describe its mandate and effectiveness.","No.\n"]
["Is there a different bankruptcy system available for Social Enterprises?","No.\n"]
["VI. Miscellaneous"]
["What are the average time and filing fees to form an Enterprise in your jurisdiction?"," As you refer to the term ‘Enterprise’, we assume that you mean a profit-based business entity. A profit-based enterprise is commonly established in the form of PT. Generally, a PT takes approximately one to two months to establish. \n\n The fee for establishment varies from an average of IDR8,200,000 – IDR10,000,000 (equivalent to USD587 – USD802), consisting of: \n\n \n\t company name reservation: IDR200,000 (USD15); \n\t Notarial fee for the making of company’s deed of establishment: IDR7,000,000 – IDR10,000,000 (USD500 – USD715). This fee is an estimate as it is subject to the appointed notary’s proposed fee; \n\t Non-Tax State Income (Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak or PNBP) for the approval from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights to obtain limited liability status for the company: IDR1,000,000 (USD72). \n \n"]
["What government or third-party certifications or accreditations, if any, are available for Social Enterprises that allow for access to benefits e.g. funding, beneficial tax status, etc.? Please provide examples and briefly describe them as well as the standards there are to maintain them.","Social Enterprises have yet to be specifically regulated under Indonesian Law. However, in a draft bill on National Enterprises, Social Enterprises are finally recognized.\nPlease also refer to Section I no. 4 and 5 for elaboration on current forms used for Social Enterprises.\n"]
["Please describe whether, in your opinion, startups and other entrepreneurial Enterprises generally can easily form and flourish in your jurisdiction.","Yes, startups can easily form and be established in Indonesia, commonly as a  limited liability company. Please also refer to Section I no. 4 and 5 for elaboration on Social Enterprises.\n"]
["Please describe whether, in your opinion, Social Enterprises, in particular, can easily form and flourish in your jurisdiction.","Social Enterprises have yet to be specifically regulated under Indonesian Law. However, in a draft bill on National Enterprises, Social Enterprises are finally recognized.\nPlease also refer to Section I no. 4 and 5 for elaboration on Social Enterprises.\n"]
["Please describe whether in your opinion there are any laws that are obstructive to the formation of Social Enterprises (i.e. that actively disfavor or penalize, or otherwise discourage their formation) in your jurisdiction (for example, are Social Enterprises subject to legislation prohibiting inclusion of Social Enterprises in government contract procurement)?","Social Enterprises have yet to be specifically regulated under Indonesian Law. However, in a draft bill on National Enterprises, Social Enterprise are finally recognized.\nPlease also refer to Section I no. 4 and 5 for elaboration on Social Enterprises.\n"]
["In your jurisdiction, are there any major fraud concerns or defects due to corruption or fraud that should be addressed? If there are, please briefly discuss the concerns or defects."," Generally, there is a concern in Indonesia with regard to corruption and money laundering. In an effort to prevent that, companies are required to provide a written statement on their beneficial owner when they process a matter at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights (\"MOLHR\") (e.g., establishment, change of directors or transfer of shares). This is related to the implementation of the Indonesian regulations on knowing beneficial owners of corporations in relation to the prevention and eradication of money laundering and terrorism-financing crimes. \n\n The beneficial owner of a corporation is determined via several criteria, which vary depending on the type of the corporation. For limited liability companies, the criteria are as follows: \n\n \n\t The beneficial owner possesses more than 25% of the shares in the limited liability company as stated in the AOA. \n\t The beneficial owner possesses more than 25% of the voting rights in the limited liability company as stated in the AOA. \n\t The beneficial owner receives more than 25% of the profits earned annually by the limited liability company. \n\t The beneficial owner possesses the authority to appoint, replace and dismiss members of the BOD and BOC of the limited liability company. \n\t The beneficial owner possesses authority or power to influence or control the limited liability company without the need to obtain authorization from any party. \n\t The beneficial owner receives benefits from the limited liability company. \n\t The beneficial owner is the actual owner of the fund used to subscribe to the shares of the limited liability company. \n \n"]
["What changes to the law do you think would be most beneficial to enabling Social Enterprises to flourish in your jurisdiction?"," Social Enterprises have yet to be specifically regulated under Indonesian Law. However, in a draft bill regarding National Enterprises, Social Enterprises is finally recognized. \n\n Under the draft bill regarding National Enterprises, Social Enterprise ( Wirausaha Sosial ) is now clearly defined, although the form of entities is still the same as the current existing forms i.e. foundations, associations, and cooperatives. \n\n The characteristics of Social Entrepreneurship under the draft bill are as follows: \n\n \n\t  Social vision and mission to solve social problems in the community and/or provide positive changes to the welfare of society and the environment; \n\t Business activities where most of the profits are reused to carry out the social vision and mission; \n\t Involve participation and empower people or communities that are the focus of their business activities; and \n\t Apply the principles of good business governance. \n \n\n The draft bill on National Enterprises is an encouraging start as an umbrella regulation. However, an implementing regulation regulating the technicalities of Social Enterprises is required. It would be ideal if the implementing regulation provides more incentives for Social Enterprise including an easier process for the establishment, licenses, and permit, as well as tax incentives. \n"]
["What changes to the law do you think would be most beneficial to enhancing the social and environmental responsibility of Enterprises generally (whether or not Social Enterprises)?","For already established business entities, Indonesian law oblige companies to conduct CSR. However, there is no specific form of CSR to be followed by the companies. We are of the view that a dedicated standard ESG or CSR policies, including the incentives for the companies following the CSR, will serve as guidance as well as encourage companies to have a larger impact on society and the environment.\nIn addition to the above, we are anticipating the draft bill on National Enterprises that acknowledges Social Enterprise to be enacted soon.\n"]
["Is there anything else you would like to add or guidance you would like to provide? Are there any questions we should have asked but did not?","No.\n"]